NFG0QHB372HS2
Noise suppression technologies/case study introduction (Consumer)
Noise Suppression for USB4 (2)
INDEX
- USB4 Standard and Its Adoption
- Integration of USB and Thunderbolt
- Specifications and Comparison of Thunderbolt 3 and USB4
- Anticipated Noise Issues with USB
- Noise Suppression Measures for USB4
- Radiated Noise Measurement
- Measurement of radiated noise
- Intrasystem EMC: Overview of DUT (Thunderbolt 3 Compatible Add-in Card)
- Intrasystem EMC: Assessment of Impact on Wi-Fi Reception Sensitivity
- Intrasystem EMC: Measurement Results of Wi-Fi Reception Sensitivity (No Noise Suppression Measures)
- Intrasystem EMC: Assessment of Noise Entering the Antenna
- Intrasystem EMC: Measurement Results for Noise Entering the Antenna (No Noise Suppression Measures)
- Intrasystem EMC: Measurement of Nearfield noise (No Noise Suppression Measures)
- Intrasystem EMC: Noise Suppression Component Insertion Location
- Intrasystem EMC: Measurement Results of Reception Sensitivity (After Implementation of Noise Suppression Measures)
- Intrasystem EMC: Measurement Results for Noise Entering the Antenna (After Implementation of Noise Suppression Measures)
- Signal Waveform Check: Eye Pattern Measurement Procedure
- Signal Waveform Check: Eye Pattern Measurement
- Conclusion
5. Noise Suppression Measures for USB4
Effective measures for suppressing noise occurring during USB4 communication are as follows:
- Install common mode choke coils (CMCCs) on the differential transmission lines of the host and device.
- Place the CMCCs near the IC.
- Select the CMCC locations to prevent noise from radiating from the wires.
These key points are necessary for effective noise suppression.
The simplified diagram below shows an example of common mode choke coil (CMCC) installation locations for the combination of a device and a host capable of USB4, USB 3.1 Gen 2, PCI Express, and DisplayPort communication.
Our recommended common mode choke coils
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Noise suppression can be implemented using a compact, slim type having a size of 0.65×0.50×0.30 mm with dimensional error of ±0.05 mm without affecting the signal waveform of the high-speed differential transmission line.
6. Radiated Noise Measurement
- To simulate the operation status when USB4 communication is performed within a PC, a PC was connected to a docking station capable of Thunderbolt 3, DisplayPort, Ethernet, and USB communication, and the radiated noise level was measured from a distance of 3 meters.
- To remove noise other than that from the host and device, the connection cables and all equipment except for the host and device were shielded.
7. Measurement of radiated noise
Measurement results
No noise exceeding the standard values was observed in the MHz or GHz bands.
This enabled us to ensure sufficient margin, and we are highly confident that radiated emissions will not be an issue for USB4.
8. Intrasystem EMC: Overview of DUT (Thunderbolt 3 Compatible Add-in Card)
Next, to examine the effect of intrasystem EMC, we conducted a noise assessment using a Thunderbolt 3 compatible add-in card in the place of USB4.
The add-in card has a Thunderbolt 3 compatible IC only.
- Configuration
In this configuration, the PCI Express signal (8 Gbps x 4 lanes) and DisplayPort signal (5.4 Gbps x 4 lanes) are input to the Thunderbolt 3 IC on the card, and the Thunderbolt 3 IC generates a Thunderbolt 3 signal (20 Gbps x 2 lanes) that is output from a Type-C connector.
9. Intrasystem EMC: Assessment of Impact on Wi-Fi Reception Sensitivity
To check the impact of noise radiated from the board wires, the DUT only was housed in a shield box, and the Wi-Fi reception sensitivity of a nearby smartphone was measured.
In notebook PCs that are expected to include USB4, there is a growing trend to install the Wi-Fi antenna on the main board instead of on the display, and the distance between the differential line and antenna is expected to approach around 5 cm.
For this reason, this assessment was conducted with the board wires and smartphone separated by 5 cm.
(This simulates the distance between the antenna and signal line inside a notebook PC.)
